Report on Referred Fossils |
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Stratigraphic range: |
Tertiary |
Kinds of fossils: |
Leaves |
Quadrangle or area: |
Chignik, etc. |
Shipment No.: |
A-77-39M, A-80-20M, A-80-21M |
Referred by: |
Detterman, Robert L.
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Report prepared by: |
Wolfe, Jack A.
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Date: |
07/15/1980 |
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The plant megafossil collections from the Tolstoi Formation contain three distinctive assemblages. The oldest assemblage can be recognized in the collections from the lower part of the sections on Ivanof Bay, Windy Bay, and the sections on Kiukta Bay, Chignik River, and the old collections on Anchorage Bay. This assemblage is characterized by species such as Cocculus flabella, Chaetoptelea microphylla, Fagopsis sp., Carya antiquora, and Dicotylophyllum richardsonii. In Alaska, the correlative of this part of the Tolstoi is in the upper (but not uppermost) part of the Chickaloon Formation and the lower part of the West Foreland Formation. This assemblage is of early late Paleocene age. The second assemblage is characterized by the highest occurrence of typical Paleocene species such as Thuites interrruptus and Protophyllum semotum. Also included, however, are the lowest occurrences of certain extant genera, for example, Liquidambar, Eucommia, Platycarya, and Lamanonia. This assemblage probably occurs in the uppermost part of the Chickaloon Formation, which has been radiometrically dated at 55 Ma. In conterminous United States, this assemblage occurs in the Golden Valley Formation of the Dakotas, associated with mammals of early Wasatchian age. Although the Wasatchian has been traditionally correlated with the early Eocene, recent analyses indicate that, in the widely accepted planktic chronology, the earliest Wasatchian is of latest Paleocene age; this interpretation is adhered to here and the middle Tolstoi assemblage is considered to be of latest Paleocene age. The youngest Tolstoi assemblage is that collected from the Painter Creek section. This assemblage lacks any typical Paleocene species but contains Platycarya pseudobraunii, Pterocarya nigelloides, and ”Viburnum” variabilis, all of which are typical Eocene species. At least the upper part of the Painter Creek section is thus of early Eocene age. Most of the collections submitted contain some determinable leaf impressions; a majority of these collections, however, contain species that have not been recognized elsewhere and are thus at the present time of no biostratigraphic value. I suspect that the basic problem is that most of these collections represent the youngest Tolstoi assemblage, which is much more diverse than the lower assemblages. Thus, in the instances of small collections such as those submitted, the probability of collecting representatives of species that occur in other collections is low until such time as the upper Tolstoi assemblage in the Painter Creek section is thoroughly collected. The following localities have the oldest assemblage: 11411-11413, 11597, 11435-11438, 11603, 11602, 11405, 11406, 11409, 11410, 11626, 11627, 11632. The following localities have the middle (latest Paleocene) assemblage: 11415-11417, 11604, 11628, 11635. The youngest (early Eocene) assemblage is found at localities 11577-11580. Locality 11632 (your 78 Arh 62) was placed in the Chignik Formation, but the flora is indicative of early Tolstoi age. Conversely, your 78 Adt 8, assigned to the Tolstoi, is certainly in the Chignik. The collections from the lower part of the Stepovak on Ivanof Bay are of late Eocene age. Although not as diverse, the lower Stepovak assemblage contains several species that also occur in the Meshik collection. The lower part of the Stepovak is thus correlated with the Meshik at locality 11605. The list of fossils from particularly locality 11605 is deceptively small; the flora from this locality is, in fact, diverse (at least 30 species are represented). Almost all the species, however, are new to science and have not yet been found at other localities in the Alaskan Eocene. Most of the species listed from the lower Stepovak and Meshik are broadleaved deciduous. The material from locality 11605, however, includes many broadleaved evergreen species, including members of Lauraceae and Theaceae. From this I infer that mean annual temperature was certainly in excess of 13 deg., C. Also supporting an interpretation of a warm, mild climate are the woods from field locality 7720 in the lower Stepovak. A cursory and preliminary examination of these woods by R. A. Scott indicated the presence of a diverse hardwood element that included several diffuse porous wood; such woods are typically (although not entirely) found today in warm to hot climates that have abundant precipitation. Your suggestion that locality 11629 (your 77 ADt 94) might be in Meshik rather than Tolstoi rocks is substantiated by the plant megafossils. The small collection from the Bear Lake Formation (locality 11631) contains indeterminable species of Alnus and Salix. These genera are common in Alaskan Oligocene and Neogene floras and thus are allowable evidence for your stratigraphic assignment of the locality to the Bear Lake.
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User Note module to be added |
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7701 (Wolfe et al)
(Paloebot loc. 11405)
, Chignik
, Elevation 21-2200 feet. From shales in sequence of alternating sandstones and shales. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Case.
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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Dicotylophyllum richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe
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7702 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11406)
, Chignik
, 20-30 foot stat. below locality 11405. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Case.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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Corylites fosteri (Ward) Bell
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Dicotylophyllum richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe
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7705 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11409)
, Chignik
, Beach level from shales in sequence of alternating sandstones and shales. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Case.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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7706 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11410)
, Chignik
, Elevation 40 feet above beach level. Indetermined stratigraphic distance below locality 11409. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Case.
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Thuites interruptus (Newb.) Bell
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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Corylites fosteri (Ward) Bell
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7707 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11411)
, Stepovak Bay
, Beach level. Collected from layers of alternating sandstones and shales. Sequence overlain by massive cross-bedded sandstones. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Detterman.
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Thuites interruptus (Newb.) Bell
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Protophyllum semotum Hickey
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Chaetoptelea microphylla (Newb.) Hickey
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Dicotylophyllum richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe
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Grewiopsis auriculaecordatus (Holl.) Wolfe
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7708 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11412)
, Stepovak Bay
, Beach level. Collected from layers of alternating sandstones and shales. Sequence overlain by massive cross-bedded sandstones. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Detterman.
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Thuites interruptus (Newb.) Bell
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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7709 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11413)
, Stepovak Bay
, Beach level. Collected from layers of alternating sandstones and shales. Sequence overlain by massive cross-bedded sandstones. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Detterman.
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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7710 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11415)
, Stepovak Bay
, Section of alternating volcanogenic sandstones and shales above massive sandstone sequence. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Detterman.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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7711 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11416)
, Stepovak Bay
, Lies below a covered interval, above which are mudflows and breccias. Coll. Wolfe, Spicer, Detterman.
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Thuites interruptus (Newb.) Bell
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Hamamelidaceae, n. gen., sp. 2
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Protophyllum semotum Hickey
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7713 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11417)
, Stepovak Bay
, From upper part of sequence of alternating volcanogenic sandstones and shales, below sequence of mudflows and braccias. Coll. Spicer and Case.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Hamamelidaceae n. gen. sp. 2.
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7714 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11418)
, Stepovak Bay
, E. side of Road Island. Waterlaid tuffs ca. 30 foot thick in sequence of coarse volcanics. Coll. Wolfe and Spicer.
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Cercidiphyllum eojaponicum Endo ex Tanai
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Hamamelidaceae, n. gen., sp. 3
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Pterocarya pugetensis Wolfe
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79ADt55
(Paleobot. loc. 11577)
, Ugashik
, 3.8 miles S., 39 deg., W. of forks, upper Painter Creek; thin volcanic sandstone and siltstone, coarse grained, upper part of formation Tolstoi.
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Cyathea inequilateralis (Holl.) Wolfe
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79ADt56
(Paleobot. loc. 11578)
, Ugashik
, Same general locality as ADT55. 4.2 miles S.
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Cyathea inequilateralis (Holl.) Wolfe
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Pterocarya nigelloides (Berry) Wolfe
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79ADt56A
(Paleobot. loc. 11579)
, Ugashik
, Same general locality as 11577 and 11578. 0.2 miles SE of 11577; rhythmically bedded massive sandstone and siltstone about 500-600 feet lower than 11578.
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Viburnum variabilis MacG.
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79ADt56B
(Paleobot. loc. 11580)
, Ugashik
, Same locality as 11579. Tolstoi Formation several hundred feet lower; similar lithology - float.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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7807 (Wolfe et al)
(Paleobot. loc. 11597)
, Stepovak Bay
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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Hamamelidaceae, n. gen. sp. 1
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Protophyllum semotum Hickey
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Chaetoptelea microphylla (Newb.) Hickey
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Dicotylophyllum richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe
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Trochodendroides serrulata (Ward) Wolfe
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77ARh87
(Paleobot. loc. 11605)
, Chignik
, Ridge north of Birthday Creek. 6.3 miles south 70 deg., W. of Vent Mountain. Thin bedded silstone and porcellanite. Meshik Formation.
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Cercidiphyllum eojaponicum Endo ex Tanai
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Hamamelidaceae, n. gen., sp. 3
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Pterocarya pugetensis Wolfe
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77ACe83B
(Paleobot. loc. 11626)
, Stepovak Bay
, West shore of Humpback Bay 0.6 miles S. 75 dge., W. of benchmark Humpback; interbedded thin sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Tolstoi Formation.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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77ACe84
(Paleobot. loc. 11627)
, Stepovak Bay
, Same locality as 11626 about .5 mile southwest along beach; higher in section than 11626; interbedded, gray sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous shale, and coal. Tolstoi Formation.
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Thuites interruptus (Newb.) Bell
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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77ACe85
(Paleobot. loc. 11628)
, Stepovak Bay
, Same locality as 11626 and 11627, about 0.4 mile south along beach; interbedded sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and shale, higher in section than 11627. Tolstoi Formation.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Grewiopsis auriculaecordatus (Holl.) Wolfe
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77ADt94
(Paleobot. loc. 11629)
, Chignik
, Castle Cape, 0.7 mile S. 70 deg., of Tuliumnit Point; interbedded volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and shale; Meshik Formation.
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77ADt86
(Paleobot. loc. 11631)
, Chignik
, 11 miles north of mouth of Humpback Creek - Humpback Bay; volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and volcanic breccia; Bear Lake Formation.
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78ARh62
(Paleobot. loc. 11632)
, Sutwik Island
, .8 mi. S. 14 deg., E. of X20450; sandstone; Tolstoi Formation.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe
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78AYb25 no. 8
(Paleobot. loc. 11633)
, Stepovak Bay
, .25 mile north of benchmark Ryno; thin-bedded siltstone approx. 3180 ft. from base of measured section; Tolstoi Formation.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Grewiopsis auriculaecordatus (Holl.) Wolfe
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78ADt144
(Paleobot. loc. 11635)
, Stepovak Bay
, 1 mile N. 3 deg., E. of benchmark Slant; feldspathic sandstone, siltstone, and carbonaceous shale; Tolstoi Formation.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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78ADt270
(Paleobot. loc. 11636)
, Chignik
, 1.87 miles S. 26 deg., E. of benchmark station Chignik Spit; black sandstone. Tolstoi Formation.
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Metasequoia occidentalis (Newberry) Chaney
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Grewiopsis auriculaecordatus (Holl.) Wolfe
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